Kubernetes Go-live checklist for your Microservices

Prakarsh -

Taking your Kubernetes microservices from development to production requires careful planning and configuration. This checklist outlines the essential steps to ensure a smooth and successful go-live process, promoting stability, scalability, and high availability for your applications.

1. Calculate Per-Pod Capacity

  • Why it matters: Knowing your pod's capacity helps set appropriate resource requests and limits, crucial for autoscaling and application stability.
  • How to do it: Tools like JMeter can simulate load on your application to determine the maximum workload a single pod can handle without performance degradation.
Calculate per pod capacity

Metrics to consider:

  • Requests Per Minute (RPM) your pod can handle efficiently.
  • Maximum memory consumption during peak load.
  • CPU utilization at peak load.

2. Configure Resource Requests and Limits

Understanding the difference

  • Requests: Minimum guaranteed resources a pod receives from Kubernetes.
  • Limits: Maximum resource allocation a pod can consume.
	resources:
		memory:
			limits: 3.5Gi
			requests: 3Gi
		cpu:
			limits: 1
			requests: 1

Setting values based on per-pod capacity

Memory:

  • Requests: Use the maximum memory consumption observed during the capacity test, with a 10-15% buffer for unexpected spikes.
  • Limits: Set slightly higher than requests to accommodate short-term bursts.

CPU:

  • Requests: Set based on CPU utilization at peak load, with a 10% buffer for headroom.
  • Limits: Consider keeping CPU limits the same as requests unless throttling is acceptable during high traffic.

Pro tip: Utilize cpuManagerPolicy: static on worker nodes to grant pods with specific resource characteristics exclusive CPU access for improved performance.

3. Configure Autoscaling

Choosing the right metrics: While CPU and memory utilization often suffice, consider event-based metrics (queue lag, upstream application throughput) for specific use cases.

Setting autoscaling based on per-pod capacity:

  • Calculate Target CPU Utilization Percentage: (Max CPU utilization at peak load / CPU request) * 100. Implement autoscaling before reaching this value. Take a buffer of 15-40% for setting the Target CPU Utilization Percentage depending on the nature of your application.
  • Similarly, calculate Target Memory Utilization Percentage based on memory consumption and requests, implementing autoscaling with a 15-30% buffer.

4. Ensure High Availability

  • Run multiple pod replicas: Distribute workload across replicas for redundancy. If one replica fails, others can handle traffic seamlessly.
  • Spread replicas across Availability Zones (AZs): Enhances fault tolerance. If an AZ fails, replicas in other zones keep the application operational.
  • Enable Pod Disruption Budgets (PDBs): Maintains application stability during disruptions (updates, node maintenance) by ensuring a minimum number of pods are always available.
  • Multi-AZ Kubernetes cluster: High availability starts with the underlying infrastructure. Deploy your Kubernetes cluster across multiple AZs for resilience against zone failures.

5. Configure Probes

Types of probes:

  • Liveness probes: Assess pod health and functionality.
  • Readiness probes: Determine if a pod is ready to receive traffic.
  • Startup probes: Verify successful container startup within a pod.

Importance of meaningful probes: Define checks that accurately reflect application health and readiness.

  • Liveness probes could check critical endpoint responsiveness.
  • Readiness probes could verify necessary dependencies are available before traffic routing.
Probes empower Kubernetes: They enable self-healing (restarting unhealthy pods), autoscaling (scaling based on pod health), and effective load balancing.

6. Implement Application Monitoring and Alerts

Monitoring essentials:

  • Resource utilization (CPU, memory, disk I/O, network traffic) using tools like Metrics Server, Prometheus, and Grafana.
  • HTTP status codes to identify endpoint availability issues, server errors, and client-side errors. Utilize readiness probes or external HTTP monitoring services.
  • Centralized logging (EFK stack or Loki with Grafana) for troubleshooting and gaining application insights.
  • Advanced monitoring for performance bottlenecks (distributed tracing with Jaeger or OpenTelemetry, application-specific metrics with Prometheus exporters or APM tools like Datadog).

Alerting for proactive issue detection: Set up alerts based on predefined thresholds or anomaly detection for key metrics. Integrate with alerting platforms (Prometheus Alertmanager, Grafana) or incident management systems ( Zenduty, Pagerduty ) for automated incident response process.

Conclusion:

By following this comprehensive checklist, you can ensure your Kubernetes microservices are well-prepared for production deployment. Remember to continuously monitor, refine, and adapt your approach as your application and infrastructure needs evolve. This will guarantee optimal performance, reliability, and a seamless user experience.

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